Balogun et al., JOBASFUD_2024_3_1_017
Keywords: Gestational diabetes mellitus, diabetes care, medical nutrition therapy, hyperglycemia, pregnancy, glucose imbalance
2024-07-29 DOI: JOBASFUD_2024_3_1_017
Background: Introduction: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a prevalent complication of pregnancy affecting about 25% of pregnancies worldwide, having a higher burden in low and middle income countries. GDM is a condition characterised by glucose metabolic disorder which poses a public health concern during pregnancy and is associated with long-term adverse effects on both maternal and fetal health. This review is aimed at summarizing the current understanding of GDM, prevalence, pathophysiology, risk factors, current approaches in the diagnosis, management and care of individuals with gestational diabetes mellitus with a view to understanding the progress made so far, challenges and future prospects in curbing of this menace. Methods: Data were obtained from PubMed and other databases and include published randomized studies, narratives and systematic reviews. Results: The absence of universally accepted diagnostic criteria for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) complicates its definition and understanding of its prognosis. However, early diagnosis, along with blood glucose control through exercise and dietary interventions, has been shown to be beneficial. Conclusion: The incidence and prevalence of gestational diabetes is on the rise, hence the need to promote its prevention and early diagnosis via having a unified method of diagnosis is very important.